Princeton Review AP English Language & Composition Premium Prep, 2023: 8 Practice Tests + Complete Content Review + Strategies & Techniques by The Princeton Review

Author:The Princeton Review [The Princeton Review]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Random House Children's Books
Published: 2022-09-27T00:00:00+00:00

Dogmatism: The conclusion must be correct because the author or speaker says it is and she can’t possibly be wrong. After all, she is an internationally recognized authority on the subject, or she is the CEO of the most profitable company on the planet. She wouldn’t have risen to that position if she were ever wrong. No other reasons are presented to support the conclusion, and no opposing viewpoints are even considered.

Presenting Only Part of the Truth

Equivocation: This type of fallacy leaves out facts that a reader or listener would need in order to make a thorough assessment of the conclusion. Equivocation often relies on ambiguous definitions of words.

For example, your home insurer might say that for an extra $50 premium, you’ll be covered for $100,000 in water damage. Look at the “definitions” section of your policy, though, and you might see that the insurer considers “water damage” to be damage caused by a sewer backup. “Overland flooding” or “ice dams on roof” are separate categories that are not covered. You probably assumed those events would all result in “water damage,” and the insurer is counting on that to lead you to the conclusion that it’s worth spending the extra $50.

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